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During the reporting period, hostilities escalated in Daraa Governorate as the Syrian regime and its allies began operations to recapture areas held by Syrian opposition groups, including fighters from Al-Qaeda affiliate Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).[2] Hundreds of airstrikes have killed dozens of civilians in opposition-controlled areas.[3] An estimated 45,000–50,000 people have fled the governorate.[4]

In Idlib Governorate, Russian airstrikes on the town of Zardana killed at least 44 people. United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres called for an investigation into the attack.[5] Idlib remains host to thousands of displaced Syrians and opposition fighters who were relocated after their formerly-held territories fell to the Syrian regime.[6] ASOR CHI remains concerned as to the humanitarian situation in Idlib Governorate.

Operations by the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) continued against ISIS-held territory in Deir ez-Zor Governorate. Other armed groups, including pro-regime forces, also carried out operations in the governorate. In early June, the Iraqi Air Force conducted a cross-border airstrike against an ISIS command-and-control building.[7] In addition, the Syrian regime and the Iraqi Shia militia known as the Popular Mobilization Front (PMF) accused the US of firing missiles at their positions near the Syria-Iraq border. The US denied the reports.[8] These conflicting claims are symptomatic of a region in which multiple armed groups are operating.

During the reporting period, Turkish-backed forces were twice reported to have damaged cemeteries in Aleppo Governorate. In Anqale, Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army members built military installations on the Anqale Cemetery (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0163). As a result of the militarization, the Ali Dada Shrine was destroyed. In another cemetery in Afrin, a local group shared photographs showing intentional destruction, reportedly by Turkish- backed forces, at an unnamed cemetery (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0168). ASOR CHI has previously reported on Turkish forces and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (FSA) vandalizing and intentionally destroying Kurdish sites in Aleppo Governorate.[9]

In Deir ez Zor Governorate, ongoing military operations against ISIS reportedly resulted in damage to three mosques. SARG and pro-regime forces damaged two mosques in the town of al-Susah (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0165 and SHI 18-0166). A reported US-led Coalition airstrike reportedly damaged a third mosque in the city of al-Sha’fah; however, satellite imagery did not appear to corroborate the report (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0171).

SARG, Russian, and pro-regime aerial bombardment and shelling damaged three mosques in Daraa Governorate. Reported SARG and pro-regime shelling damaged mosques in the towns of Kafr Shams and al-Hirak (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0167 and SHI 18-0169). SARG or Russian airstrikes also reportedly damaged a mosque in the town of al-Ghariya al-Sharqiya (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0172).

In Idlib, unidentified perpetrators carried out a VBIED attack near a mosque, damaging the building (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0170). In the town of Zardana, a reported Russian airstrike damaged a mosque (ASOR CHI Incident Report SHI 18-0164). However, an ASOR CHI assessment of DigitalGlobe satellite imagery did not indicate any damage to the mosque.

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