THE NON-PROFESSIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHS PROJECT
By Bart Wagemakers, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, the Netherlands
Recently, the (NPAPH) has been initiated by ASOR member Bart Wagemakers. This project aims to stimulate archaeological institutions to trace former students and volunteers who joined an excavation prior to the 1980s, to collect and digitize their photographic documentation, and, finally, to make it accessible to the public via digital archives. Furthermore, the project hopes to create international collaboration between archaeological institutions in order to connect these digital archives.
Context
The decisions surrounding the assemblage of records during the excavation, and the publication afterwards, are usually made by the professional staff involved. It is obvious that the decisions made by the staff are of great consequence for a site, because an area undergoing excavation is irreversibly disturbed. As the discipline of archaeology has developed significantly during the last six decades, it is inevitable that the views on how to record the progress and finds of an excavation have changed as well. All the developments that have influenced archaeological recording suggest that there may be a gap between what archaeologists recorded in the past and what we nowadays expect them to have documented.
The former ‘non-professionals’ – participants of excavations who were not part of the trained staff, but who supported the dig as part of their continual education or out of interest, e.g. students and volunteers – may be the ones who are able to fill in the possible gap in the official documentation published by the academic staff, including in the area of archaeological photography. Students and volunteers who are willing to participate in an archaeological expedition show an interest in all divergent aspects of the site. From my own experiences, I know that students and volunteers often record many features of a site that lie beyond the focus of the professional staff.
This has been demonstrated by a recently discovered photo collection of a former student of the École Biblique in Jerusalem, Leo Boer. Together with his lecturers and fellow-students, Boer visited numerous archaeological sites in the Levant throughout the 1950s. While visiting the sites, he took many photographs, hundreds in total, and wrote a complete account of his travels, consisting of 140 pages. Boer has taken pictures of artefacts and structures at sites which the official staff seemed not have documented at that time. For example, Boer photographed a pillar that interested him at Khirbet Qumran in 1954 (published in PEQ 143.2.) The Qumran excavation staff did not take a close-up photograph of the pillar, but Boer’s photo provides us more information about how this room was used in the past. Since photographs from the Boer collection have proven to be significant for the archaeological study of the region, it was decided to make all the photographs accessible to the public by founding the digital hosted by the . (See samples from the collection here, or – click the green arrows to load an image.) It is instances like these that have proven that there is a need for a resource like the NPAPH Project.
The Principles of the Project
The NPAPH Project is based on three principles:
1) Archaeological institutions have an interest in finding non-professional photographs of their excavations. By finding ‘new’ photographic material, the existing documentation of the excavation will be extended and enhanced and will provide an image of aspects of an excavation which are not included in the published documentation. In addition, as has been demonstrated by the Leo Boer Archive, this genre of photographs may provide the institutions with additional scientific data which may be useful for the archaeological research relating to the specific site(s). Furthermore, by comparing the non-professional photographs with the official documentation made by the former staff, it is possible to get a notion of the practiced documentation policy at that site. Pictures of particular features or phases of the excavation taken by non-professionals and which are not present in the official documentation, reveal the decisions taken by the staff at the time of what to record and what to leave out. In this way, comparing the two categories of recording offers institutions insight into the development of this area of the archaeological discipline.
2) Archaeological institutions have an interest in digitizing newly-discovered non-professional photographs and making them accessible to both scholars and the general public. It has become practice for institutions to collaborate on a specific archaeological campaign and share the newly-discovered photographic material via digital databases. The release of new digital documentation will provide publicity for the excavation and the related institution(s) and may also be a stimulus for fundraising. Another argument for an institution to create an accessible digital archive containing non-professional photographs is the ability to cross-link the photos with other items on the institution’s website, or in its library. We know that virtual visitors, after consulting a digital archive, often make use of other services and information offered on the website. Visitors may even be encouraged or inspired to share their own archaeological photographs to be published online by the project.
3) Archaeological institutions benefit by joining the NPAPH Project. Participation in the NPAPH Project is valuable to institions, even if they manage their own digital archives, host them on their institutional server, and place them on their websites. The NPAPH Project is one central portal () for all digital non-professional archaeological photographs archives. Due to the presence of multiple parties involved in joint expeditions, interested persons looking for documentation on a campaign can be confused as to where to find records. Thanks to the central portal, this quest will be simplified: the visitor will be redirected unnoticeably from the central portal to the database in question at the institution’s website by means of a simple link. There are also practical advantages for an institution to participate in the NPAPH Project. The NPAPH website not only provides information about the project, but is also the place where visitors can ask questions about the project, the digital archives or the participating institutions. This is why only one contact person is required for answering the questions and – if necessary – to pass on requests to the institutions concerned. The central website also functions as a means to inform visitors about related news provided by the institutions and as a place for their queries. Finally, accommodating the several non-professional photographs archives into one administration also means that promoting the NPAPH-project will draw attention to and endorse all the participating archives, the related excavations and institutions.
Join the NPAPH Project!
The project will compile a one-stop portal for non-professional photography of archaeological sites. The portal will be useful for archaeological institutions to trace non-professional photographs of their excavations, to digitize and place them in an accessible digital archive for both scholars and the general public, and to foster institutional collaboration – all of which will benefit the archaeologist and archaeology enthusiast. After all, ‘digging’ into the archaeological past in this way will not only be beneficial to present archaeological research, but it will also be an inspiring assignment for our students and volunteers of today, to assist in the process of tracing, collecting and digitizing photographs.
If you would like to participate in this project, or, also of importance, are willing to in order to support the project, please contact Bart Wagemakers.